@article{ author = {}, title = {Satisfaction of Student and faculty members with implementing Blended-E-Learning}, abstract ={Introduction: Considering present inadequacies of educational system in preparing students professionally as well as the medical team’s need for novel and holistic knowledge, the educational methods should be applied which can promote independency, self-directing, reasoning and judgment of the students. The study compared the teacher oriented and learner oriented educational methods. Methods: A semi-experimental study was conducted to compare the three groups, after and before the intervention. 41 nursing students in their forth semester were recruited in the study. Pre-test and post-test was taken before and after the intervention in all three groups to assess the effects of applied methods on learning. Results: The results revealed a significant difference in mean scores of post-test among the three groups by means of one-way analysis of variance [f=12.695 ,df (2,38), P<0.001]. All thee methods were effective. Tukey test showed a difference between the self-learning via internet group with the others, but no difference between the other two. The kruskal-wallis test showed a significant difference between students’ level of learning and learning methods (df =2, x²=16.615, P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed the effectiveness of all three methods but the effect of self-learning via internet was lower than others. The study recommends future research studies with bigger sample size, also on other course subjects due to its small sample size.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {7-15}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-348-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Nursing students\' attitude toward mental illnesses}, abstract ={Introduction: Attitudes play an important role in directing human behaviors to goals, being aware of outcomes and efficient processing of complex information about the life world. People preparedness for accepting and supporting mentally ill persons has a great impact on patients’ successful integration in the society. The study aimed at assessing the attitude of nursing students toward mental illnesses. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a census sample of 153 nursing students who were studying in second semester was participated (Total numbers of study population). Data was gathered using a two-part questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and a 34 items questionnaire on attitude toward mental illnesses (OMI). Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 11.5) software. Results: The results indicate that participants’ mean scores of OMI, was higher than the test’s average score and students had a positive attitude toward mental illnesses (117/44±13/18). One-way analysis of variance showed a significant mean difference among students in different education years (F=6.69, p≤0.001). In general, nursing students didn’t believe much on isolation, restrictions, hiding the illness and stigmatization but on sympathy and compassion, good treatment progress and some stereotypical negative behaviors of patients. Conclusion: Even though students’ positive attitude was higher than the average score, but considering negative attitude in having stereotyping thoughts on mental illnesses, there is a need for more attention of nursing instructors in including profound discussions in order to recognize the sources of such attitudes and correcting them through educational plans.}, Keywords = {Key words: Attitude, Mental illnesses, Nursing students}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {17-23}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-349-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Multiple Sclerosis and stressful thought habit}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating progressive disease which afflicts central nervous system. The cause remains uncertain but various factors such as infection, stress, immune deficiency and environmental factors may contribute to this disease. As a chronic disease with sudden and unpredictable attack, MS results in various stresses in patients’ lives. It seems that the more we know the extent of stress in patients’ lives, the more we can control it. The present study aimed at determining the extent of stress in patients suffering from MS who have referred to MS Association of Iran. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted using sequential sampling to recruit 600 patients suffering from MS. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire (Coudron questionnaire). Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance were used to analysis the data. Results: 79.3% of the patients had stressful thought habits and 76.3 % of them had stressful context in their private lives. Results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant relationship between the amount of stressful thought habits and age (P=0.01), employment status (P=0.00) and duration of disease (P<0.000). Conclusion: Since the findings of this research revealed high stress of MS patients, identifying stress sources to improve their life qualities, providing appropriate education for coping and adapting with chronic disease related stress, seems to be necessary.}, Keywords = { Stressor, Multiple Sclerosis, Stressful thought habits}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-352-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-352-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Physical violence in working environments: Viewpoints of EMT\' personnel in East Azerbaijan Province}, abstract ={Introduction: Emergency medical technician (EMT) personnel encounter with their patients in stressful situations which may result in workplace violence (WPV) against them. There is no relevant study undertaken to investigate physical WPV against Iranian EMT personnel yet. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the nature of physical WPV toward EMT personnel in East Azerbaijan Province (EAP). Methods: This descriptive study was undertaken in 2008, with a sample of 160 EMT personnel drawn from pre-hospital settings in EAP. They were selected by census sampling. Data were gathered through a posted questionnaire (with a response rate of 86.25%) consisting of participants’ social and personal characteristics, the prevalence of physical assaults and violence incidence’s relevant factors from their point of view. All statistics were computed using the SPSS software (version 13). Results: Results showed that 37.7% of respondents experienced physical assault during the previous year. The most frequent response to physical WPV was “to invite the offender to calm down” (9/52%) since they considered it useless to follow up the case (34.1%). Conclusion: The study reveals the high frequency of violent events on EMT personnel in EAP, compare to other countries. To make the violence level against personnel down, public education and continuing education for EMT personnel is recommended.}, Keywords = {Workplace violence, Physical Violence, Emergency Medical Technician}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {33-41}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-353-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Preoperative worries and its association with sleep disturbances in children admitted for surgery to Kerman medical university hospitals}, abstract ={Introduction: Preoperative worries can have adverse impacts in children. It has associations with a number of behavioral disturbances after the surgery. Considering the rate of 65% of children candidates for surgery, suffering from preoperative worries, recognition of worries relationship with behavioral disturbances has great impotence. It could help nurses to diagnose such complications better in order to have a proper plan for reducing preoperative worries and disturbances after surgery. The study aimed at determining the association of preoperative worries and sleep disturbances in children undergo surgery in hospitals affiliated to Kerman Medical University. Method: A correlational descriptive – analytic study was conducted cross-sectionally. A total of 309 children, aged 8-14 years old were who had undergone general anesthesia and surgery, participated in the study. Data were collected through standard preoperative worries questionnaire in four dimensions of disease, surgery, hospitalization and injection procedures, and sleep disturbances questionnaire (researcher- made) in 4 domains of general sleep disturbances, disturbances prior to sleep, disturbances during sleep and disturbances after sleep. All statistics were computed using the SPSS software (version 13). ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used as statistical tests for analysis. Results: Among 309 participants, 118 were female and 191 males. Their mean age was 10/64 years old. 14 years old participants had the minimum scores of worries and 12 years old ones, the maximum. The results showed a significant correlation between preoperative worried and sleep disturbances after surgery (r=0/31). The children who underwent respiratory surgery had the highest levels of worries and the children with mass resection surgery showed the lowest levels of worries. Also, the children who had come from other provinces expressed more worries. A negative correlation was found between worries scores and age (p>0.05) but no significant correlation between worries scores hospitalized care units and residential place (p>0.05). Worried related factors had significantly positive correlation with age, gender and kind of surgery (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that children experience fear and worries in surgery which is directly associated with their sleep disturbances. The study calls for more investigation on different aspects of issue. Nurses should provide plans for decreasing levels of children and their parents’ worries in collaboration with other health team members and make it as an acting plan for taking care of such children.}, Keywords = {Preoperative worries, Sleep disturbances, Pediatrics, Surgery}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {43-53}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing unmarried students’ marital criteria in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2006}, abstract ={Introduction: Marriage is one of the effective factors in the mental health and individuals life styles which its role in reducing personal and social disruptions has been acknowledged. In order to plan properly and increase youth’s awareness of right marital criteria, get to know their viewpoint is necessary. The study aimed at assessing single students’ marital criteria in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2006. Methods: Using descriptive- analytic study method, 380 unmarried male and female students were selected through systematic random sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics and marriage criteria, on a 3-point rating scale from very important, till important to some extent. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data, using X2 test. Results: Most of the participants were female, ranging in age from 18 to 23 years. The students, mostly (46.7%) were studying in 1-4th semesters. In general, the participant had positive attitude to marriage. Variables like age, sex and level of education were significantly correlated with spouse selection criteria like mutual understanding, faithfulness, beauty and attractiveness, parents’ agreements, love, education similarities, having same religion, having same taste, and not having heritable disease in the family. Conclusion: The study revealed the valuable criteria for the male students as mutual understanding, faithfulness, being responsible, beauty and attractiveness and knowing each other before marriage. The valuable criteria for female student were mutual understanding, faithfulness, parent’s agreement, knowing each other before marriage, love, being responsible, beauty and attractiveness. Youth marriage should be facilitated by providing financial supports and more protection, knowing their viewpoints.}, Keywords = {Marriage criteria, Student}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {55-62}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-355-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-355-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Patients’ experience of prayer in hospital}, abstract ={Background: Prayer is a “spiritual practice which establishes communication with a higher being and is the simple act of turning our mind and our heart to the sacred. It is an act central to the practice of most major world religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, etc. There is many published literature about religion, spirituality and healing. Although the relationship between prayer and health well established, researchers have much to learn. We still do not know about the prayer and difficulties people have in saying their prayers in hospital. The present study was conducted to explore patients’ experiences of prayer in hospitals. Method: Using qualitative method (content analysis), semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 33 patients drawn from hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. For data reduction, labeling Patients’ experience of prayer in hospital and finding analytical codes, content analysis method were used. Results: Following categories were identified in data analysis: barriers of saying prayer, facilities required for saying prayer, adjustment, outcomes of saying prayer in hospital and facilitating factors for prayer. Conclusion: Findings revealed that patients have problem in saying prayer as their main spiritual need, in hospitals. They unfortunately, do not receive any help in this regard. The study provides some recommendations for promoting the quality and quantity of saying prayer in hospital.}, Keywords = {Prayer, Worship, Patient, Hospitalized, Hospital}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {63-73}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-356-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-356-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Nurses` Experiences of Pain Management in Children}, abstract ={Background: Pain Management is an important children right and a priority in treatment. Pain alleviation prevents severe complications and side effects and provides the children, a normal growth and development. Nurses are the key personnel who have the most interactions with pain experiencing children. They can prevent further problems by assessing and managing pain. Studying their experiences could play a valuable role in managing pain. The present study aimed at exploring the experiences of nurses of pain management in hospitalized children. Methods: A phenomenology study was recruited to conduct the study. In-depth interviews were undertaken with a theoretical purposive sample of 19 nurses working in medical-surgical and infection pediatric wards in a hospital in Esfahan. The data analysis using Coallizzi seven-stages method. Results: Nurses` experiences were studied in two main areas of assessments and interventions. Three major themes were identified namely: the ability of detection, reaction and beliefs. The sub-themes included: being aware of pain reality, caregiver role, medication dependency, having tolerance, interpersonal interaction, beliefs regarding placebo, negative attitude to mother’s attendance during procedures. Conclusion: Nurses’ experiences reflect their abilities and knowledge of pain, the influential factors and understanding the mother role. Studying their experiences is a valuable contribution in better pain management. So, it’s necessary to pay more attention to the pain subject in nursing curriculum and providing pain management educational programme to train experienced nurses. The role of physician and their participation should be considered in managing children’s pain. The required facilities and condition for applying standards of pain management should be provided as well.}, Keywords = {Nurses` experiences, Pain management, Children}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {75-86}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-357-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-357-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Relationship between perceived social support and quality of life in Hemodialysis patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Quality of life in hemodialysis patient can be affected by Physical, psychosocial and lifestyle disturbances. It seems that perceived social support can improve quality of life in these patients. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the relationship between perceived social support and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Method: This descriptive- correlational study was conducted with 202 patients with chronic renal failure, recruited through consensus method. They have been under hemodialysis treatment in one of the hemodialysis care units, affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using the "Personal Resources Questionnaire 85" (PRQ-85) part 2 and The "Ferrans and Powers quality of life Index- dialysis version". All statistics were computed using the SPSS software (version 14). Result: Finding indicated that patients had a high perceived social support (64.9%), good quality of life (54.0%) and socio-economic condition (p≤0.65, r=0.05). Perceived social support was positively correlated with aspects of health and function (r =0.65, p≤0.05), socioeconomic (r = 0.67, p≤0.05), psychological-spiritual (r = 0.63, p≤0.05), and family subscales of quality of life (r=0.51 p≤0.05). Total quality of life was also significantly correlated with perceived social support (r= 0.72, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Social support can promote quality of life by providing hemodialysis patients, positive experiences, socially rewarding roles, or improved ability to cope with stressful events. Association between quality of life and perceived social support indicates the need for giving more attention to support resources of these patients by nurses. Based on these findings, nurses should provide plans to increase perceived social support in hemodialysis patients and by this, help the patients to improve quality of life.}, Keywords = {Quality of life, Perceived social support, Hemodialys}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-358-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Satisfaction of Student and faculty members with implementing Blended-E-Learning}, abstract ={Introduction: Blended-E-Learning system utilizes various methods and advanced technology to improve learning quality. This study aimed at assessing students’ and faculty members’ satisfaction with blended-e-learning system which was developed within some courses in School of Nursing and Midwifery of Tehran University of medical Science. Methods: The study was carried out using a descriptive-comparative method. Volunteer teachers (n=17) in different programmes (BS, MS and PhD) designed their courses appropriate with blended-e-learning system. In total, 22 courses (45 credit points) of bachelor, master and PhD in Nursing as well as bachelor and master in Midwifery were presented through blended-e-learning system in first semester of educational year, 2008-2009. A self-constructed questionnaire of satisfaction was used the collect the data at end of the semester. All statistics were computed through the SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive (frequency, percentages) and non-parametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon test). Results: A total of 181 students answered the questionnaire (with a response rate of 88.2%). 67.4% students were highly satisfied with the system while 24.3% were dissatisfied. Students’ satisfaction was assessed within four domains of structure and practical issues learner related issues curriculum and content related issues and learner support related issues. Among faculty members, 88.2% were well satisfied with teaching in blended-e-learning system. Both students and faculty members preferred blended-e-learning system to conventional method (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Considering the learning flexibility of blended-e-learning system and provided opportunity in taking advantages of face to face and electronic education, both which resulted learners and teachers’ satisfaction, the study recommends blended-e-learning system as an effective method of education to be used in universities of medical sciences in the country. It’s suggested to pay specific attention to enhance the interaction and motivation in blended-e-learning education. .}, Keywords = {Blended-e-learning, Satisfaction, Nursing and midwifery students, Faculty}, volume = {3}, Number = {11}, pages = {99-109}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-359-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-359-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} }