@article{ author = {}, title = {Exploring the concept of healthy family from adolescents’ perspectives in Zanjan}, abstract ={ Introduction: Adolescents’ development is one of the excellent goals of societies. Adolescence is peak of health, however there are risk factors address adolescents and developmental characteristics at this age which some are based on family’s condition. These developmental changes impose new situations for the families which can result different functions. Identifying adolescents’ perspectives and families’ functions in that regard is nurses’ responsibilities. The study aimed at exploring adolescents’ perspectives on healthy family in Zanjan. Method: Using qualitative method (content analysis), semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 27 adolescents, range in age from 10 to 27 to reach the data saturation level. Results: Adolescents emphasized on family role in categories of communications within the family, healthy family, limitations, facilities and religious beliefs. The adolescents point out the importance of being understood by parents, the necessity of close relationships with them, having tolerance for their children mistakes, religious beliefs, not being limited as characteristics of a healthy family. Conculsion: Healthy family is crucial for adolescents’ health. It is a fundamental issue in prospective health which require strategies for social and cultural reforms. Nursing is an interdisciplinary science and nurses have an extensive role in both adolescents’ and families’ health. Policymakers can provide realistic plans to facilitate family health issues by understanding adolscents’ perspectives. Key Words:}, Keywords = { Family, Adolescent, Health, Qualitative Research}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {7-17}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-376-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-376-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Parental smoking and risk of childhood cancer}, abstract ={Introduction: Cigarette smoke increases risk of adult cancer. However, the association between parental smoking and cancer in childhood is unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the relationship between parental smoking and childhood cancer. Method: A case-control study was conducted comparing 98 childhood cancer cases with 100 matched controls on age and sex. Data were gathered through face to face interviews using a questionnaire, in 2007-2008. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software (version 14) using chi–square, independent t-test and odds ratios. Results: It was revealed that maternal smoking (before, during and after pregnancy) was not associated with an increased risk of cancer childhood. Although, maternal exposure to passive smoke during pregnancy was associated with cancer childhood (odds ratio=3.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.4-5.0). Postnatal smoking of fathers was not associated with risk of cancer but fathers smoked more than 11 cigarettes during pregnancy, increased the risk of cancer (odds ratio=2.7 95% CI, 0.3–4.4). Conclusion: The study indicated that paternal smoking increases the risk of childhood cancer. Therefore, nurses can help to have healthy children by educating parents to quiet smoking or smoke outside children’s rooms and their environment.}, Keywords = {parental smoking, cancer risk, childhood}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-377-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-377-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Performance conditions of breast cancer screening methods and its efficient factors among women referring to health centers of Tabriz}, abstract ={Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second major cause of cancer deaths in women. Detection of breast cancer in its early stages is amenable to almost complete cure. Breast cancer screening comprises breast-self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance conditions of screening methods among women referring to health centers of Tabriz in 2008. Methods: Using descriptive- analytic study method, 400 women aged 20-50 years were selected through random clustered sampling. The samples were drawn from Tabriz health centers and their active records. The data were collected through a questionnaire consisting personal and social characteristics and a self-examination observational checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi square and fisher’s exact test) were used to analyze the data by SPSS software (version13). Results: The study demonstrated that only 18.8% of women performed breast self examination. 19.1% had clinical breast examination and 3.3% mammogram. The main reasons for women who didn’t perform breast cancer screening were being unaware of breast self examination, not having a breast problem and not feeling its necessity. Performing of BSE was significantly correlated with level of education, employment, income, number of children, breastfeeding history, breastfeeding quality and family history of breast cancer. There were also significant relationship between performing of CBE and history of benign breast tumor as well as between performing of mammography and family history of breast cancer and history of benign breast tumor (P<0.05). Conclusion: The finding revealed that the performance of breast cancer screening methods was not satisfactory. Providing essential education regarding breast cancer screening methods through health personnel especially during pregnancy, post partum and even during counselling sessions befor marriage, seems to be necessary.}, Keywords = {Breast cancer, Breast-self-examination, Clinical breast examination, Mammography, Efficient factors}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {27-38}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-378-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {39-54}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-379-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in mechanically ventilated patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Endotracheal suctioning is one of the most frequently used methods for airway clearance in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest physiotherapy techniques before endotracheal suctioning can be used to facilitate mobilizing and removing airway secretions. The study was conducted to determine the effects of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on airway-secretion removal in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods: A clinical trial study design was undertaken with a sample of 70 mechanically ventilated patients drawn from intensive care units and emergency department of Hazrat-e Rasool Hospital in Tehran. They were selected through purposive convenience sampling. All participants received two endotracheal suctioning with and without rib cage compression. There was at least three hours interval between the two interventions. Expiratory rib cage compression was performed for five minutes before endotracheal suctioning. Sputum was collected in a pre-weighed sputum trap attached to the suction catheter. Data were collected using data recording sheet. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data (version 11.5), using Paired T-test. Results: Mean of removed airway-secretions by rib cage compression was 3.66 compare to 3.21 without rib cage compression. Significant differences in airway-secretion removal between the two methods (P<0.0001) were demonstrated. Conclusion: Findings indicated that expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning improves airway-secretion removal, compare to performing only endotracheal suctioning. The study recommends performing expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.}, Keywords = {Mechanical ventilation, Endotracheal suctioning, Expiratory rib cage compression, Secretion removal}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {55-62}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-380-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-380-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Impact of workshop training of time management skills on its application by head nurses}, abstract ={Introduction: Time management skills are considered as determinant factor of managers’ success. Promoting abilities and performance of nurses are demands of human resource improvement in health sectors. The study aimed at investigating the impact of workshop training on time management skills application of head nurses affiliated to university hospitals in Golestan province. Methods: All nurses working in one of the university hospitals in Golestan province (n=76) were participated in this quasi–experimental study. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires assessing four skills of time management: goal setting/ prioritizing, time mechanic, control on time and organization before and after the education. Data were analyzed by wilcoxon and man-Whitney tests. Results: The study indicated that most of participants were female (70.1%), married (85.7%), with bachelor degree in nursing and mean age of 37.45.4 year. Average of professional experience and employing as a head nurse were 13.76.3 and 6.15.4 years, respectively. Participants were using goal setting (91.8%) and organization skills (98.4%), time mechanic (5%) and control on time (19.4%) prior to intervention. While the values converted to 91.8%, 98.4% and 32.3% for goal setting, organization and control on time, respectively after the intervention. No significant difference was found between skill of time mechanic before and after the education. Applying the skills before and after the intervention was just significantly different in control on time and organization (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the results and importance of time management skills' application in nursing management, teaching such skills through continuous education programs could be contributed in improving head nurses’ performance.}, Keywords = {Head nurses, Time management skills, workshop Training}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {63-69}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-381-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing Stages of dietary change and nutrition attitudes in nursing and midwifery students in Fatemeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in 2006, Shiraz}, abstract ={Introduction: Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining health and preventing diseases. Students’ attitude toward foods can also have an important role in their nutritional behaviors. The study aimed at exploring the stages of dietary change with regard to socio-demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, year/field of education and BMI) and the nutrition attitudes of nursing and midwifery students of Fatemeh faculty of nursing and midwifery in Shiraz. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 300 freshmen to senior students of nursing and midwifery who were studying varyingly in first year of education to four. Trained interviewers interviewed the subjects based on the transtheoretical Prochaska model, by which the subjects are classified in six stages of changes in nutritional behaviors. Nutrition attitudes were assessed by three questions. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data. Results: It was found that 29.3% of the students were in the precontemplation stage and 50.3% of the students are in the dynamic stage (including contemplation, decision and action). 11 and 9/3 percent of students were in the maintenance and relapse stages, respectively. Most of the students with average age of 21.5 were in the dynamic stage. Most men (48.8%) were in the precontemplation stage, and most women (53.6%) were in the dynamic stage. Most single and married subjects were in the dynamic stage (48.8%, 58.1% respectively). Most freshmen to senior students (47.8%, 55.9%, 49.4%, 47.8% respectively) were in dynamic stage. Most of the subjects in the underweight, normal weight and overweight categories were in dynamic stage (53.9%, 49.6%, and 51.8% respectively). Regarding eating attitude, the results demonstrated that most of the nursing (51%) and midwifery students (59%) feel a need to change their diet. Moreover, they think about the dietary aspects of their food (78.4%, 82% respectively). In addition, they expressed their agreement to the item of seeking information regarding healthy diet (83.3%, 85.9% respectively). Conclusions: The status of nursing and midwifery students considering stages of dietary change and their nutrition attitudes were positively appropriate. To consider nutrition principles for teaching to students, who are educating to manage patients’ issues regarding their nutrition, seems to be an important factor in achieving such results. The study recommends duplicating the study on other nursing and midwifery students as well as in other university programmes.}, Keywords = {Stages of change model, Nutrition attitudes, Diet}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {71-80}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-382-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-382-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing size of social network and emotional support sources and related factors among cancer patients}, abstract ={Introduction: Cancer is a potentially life-threatening disease that engenders considerable distress in personal, familial and social dimensions of patient's life. Numerous changes in their life, communications and social activities, increase the need for social support. The study aimed at assessing size of social networks and sources of emotional support in cancer patients. Methods: Using a descriptive-correlational design, 220 cancer patients drawn from Firozghar, Rasoul-e Akram Medical Complex and cancer institute of Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, were selected through Sequential sampling method. Data were collected using Nortouse Emotional support questionnaire from five sources of spouses, family members, friends, nurses and physicians. All data were computed by SPSS software (Version 13) using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Mean of emotional support scores was 137.39 and mean score of social network’s size was 4.17. Patients had perceived the supports mostly from their spouses and family members, then from physicians, nurses and friends, consecutively. Analysis of variance test showed significant association between perceived emotional support with age, marital status, economic condition, job, ethnicity and size of social network (P=0.001). Conclusion: Family is the main emotional supportive source in cancer patients. Nurses must regard the patients a whole and consider all their existence domains including emotional supports, quality and quantity of their support sources and patients’ perception of such sources. They should accumulate the support sources of the community and family participation in order to improve support provisions to patients and decrease their tensions. This study didn’t include other domains of social support and personal characteristics as interferer factors in perceiving the supports, which needs to be investigated by further studies.}, Keywords = {Support sources, Emotional support, Size of social network, Cancer}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {91-101}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-384-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Sirenomelia: A case report}, abstract ={A case of sirenomelic newborn is reported. The newborn was stillborn and was having fused lower extremities with numerous anomalies. There are no information regarding internal anomalies as no autopsy was done. Considering the growing needs of people to getting aware of genetic issues, nurses need to be trained to provide such services.}, Keywords = {Sirenomelia, Mermaid baby, Neonatal abnormalities, Genetic nurses}, volume = {4}, Number = {13}, pages = {103-108}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-385-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-385-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {vakilian, Katayo}, title = {The effect kangaroo method early after birth in attachment behaviour of mother after one and 3 month of child birth}, abstract ={Background kangaroo mother care (kmc)was first suggested in 1978 by Dr.edgar ray in bogota, Colombia. It was developed initially as caring for low birth weight infants. few studies have reported the use of kmc with term infants and mothers behavior attachment. In a recent reviews, it was concluded that kmc after birth has a positive effect on long term breast feeding, infants deep sleep, and development of cognitive behavior. But there is a few research about effecting on mothers attachment behavior. Aim: We planned this study, that analyzed the effect kangaroo mother care immediately after birth on attachment behavior in primipara mothers With their term new born. methods: This is a clinical random trial that was carried out in one of the training of Tehran hospitals. Samples were selected by non randomization method that was calculated as 90 primpara mothers. Women were assigned in allocated randomization in two groups, case and control by blocks A and B. Between Two groups there weren’t any difference by age, newborn weight , wanted pregnancy, education, time of labor. For the case group, the child was brought to mother immediately after the birth and let it be held for 15-20 minute in bare contact with skin of her/his mother. mother was offered touch her newborn and newborn sucked each breast for 5 minutes. But in control group, the hospitals routine procedure was done. After that, In home visit during 1 and 3 month, Researcher observed and registered mothers behaviors by using the mothers attachment behavior checklist during the first lactation session in continous periods for 15 minutes. The data were collected by spss soft ware and analyzed by descriptive (mean, SD, percent) and deductive (student-t,X2)statistics. Results: Data showed that total mean attachment behaviour wsa significant(p=0.000). there were significant difference in affectionate behaviour in fondling(p=0.004),talking(p=0.001),smiling(p=0.001),cradle movement(p=0.001), Also total mean proximity behaviour after one month childbirth was significant between two groups(p=0.001),After 3 month of child birth the most affectionate behaviour was looking at infant(p=0.003), further more fondling(p=0.001),kissing(p=0.01), smiling(p=0.001), cradle movement(p=0.001) were significant. Proximity behaviour after 3 month showed the most behaviour is cuddling (p=0.03),carry in arms(p=0.04). also attachment behaviuor after 3 month was significant(p=0.001), The result showed that there is difference between affectionate (looking P<01) and talking(p<0.02) and proximity behaviors close contact with mother and total attachment behaviors of mothers in case and (P=0.006) control groups (P<0.05).However, regarding care taking behavior, this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Therefore, it could be said that, kangaroo method is effective method in mother attachment behavior in long time period and this is better that is done at early hours post partum period .Midwives who are the first care giver for mother and newborn, be sensitive and implement it longer after birth.}, Keywords = {Key words: Kangaroo Mother Care, skin to skin contact, Attachment behavior, Newborn.}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {sabetsarvestani, raheleh and hadianshirazi, zahr}, title = {Diabetes diagnostic indexes and self efficacy of diabetic patients referred to Nader Kazemi center, Shiraz}, abstract ={Diabetes diagnostic indexes and self efficacy of diabetic patients referred to Nader Kazemi center, Shiraz 2006 Sabet Sarvestani1 R (MSc.) - Hadian Shirazi2 Z (B.Sc). Introduction: Diabetes as a chronic disease demands special self care behaviors lifelong. Self efficacy is a basis for promoting self care behaviors in diabetes which play a major role in treatment and control of the complications. The study aimed at assessing the self efficacy of diabetic patients and its related factors. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted with 100 diabetic patients, recruited through simple random allocation. Data were collected using the DMSES Questionnaire as well as checking FBS and HbA1c at the laboratory of the center. All statistics were computed using the SPSS software (P-value<0.05). Results: Correlation between self efficacy [with a mean score of high: 147(11%), medium: 89(36%) and low: 57 (53%)] and diabetes diagnostic index (HbA1c= 10.24) was negatively significant (r=0.76). It was also significant differences between single and married as well as educated and illiterate persons regarding their self efficacy scores. Conclusion: Self efficacy in diabetic patients is not at a desirable level which needs to be promoted within self care programs. Key words: Self efficacy, Self management, Diabetes}, Keywords = { Self efficacy, Self management, Diabetes}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {nasiriani, khadijeh and kalani, zohre and farnia, farahnaz and motevasselian, monireh and mohammadzadeh, mahmod and behnaz, fatemeh and nasiriani, fatemeh}, title = {Comparing the effects of water vs. povidone-iodine solution for periurethral cleaning prior to urinary catheterization on bacteriuria}, abstract ={Introduction: Urinary catheterization is a common procedure in the care andMethods: hospitalized women drawn from gynecology unit of Shaheed Sadoughi Hospital inYazd. They were selected through random sampling, and were allocated in two groups.After registering the participants’ demographic data, the urine culture samples were sentto laboratory. The samples with more than 10microorganisms were recorded. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data.A clinical trial study design was carried out with a sample of 603 bacteriuria were recognized and theResults: 20% using water and 16.7% using povidone -iodine solution. The difference betweenthe groups wasn’t significant (were Stafilococco aureo (6.65%), escherichia coli (10%), Enterococcus (3.35%) andin povidone -iodine solution group were gram positive cocci (3.35%), estafilococo(3.35%), streptococ (3.35%) and escherichia coli (6.65%) which weren’t significantlydifferent (Overally, 18.3% of the participants had shown bacteriuria which wasP=0.5). The contributor microorganisms in water groupP=0.5).Conclusions: between groups. It seemed that using povidone -iodine solution didn’t reduce the rateof bacteriuria more than water. As applying water has no side effects and is morebeneficial economically, it could be recommended for peri urethral cleaning prior tourinary catheterization in short term.The findings indicated that there were no significant differences treatment of hospitalized patients and bacteriuria is associated with complications anddecreased quality of healthcare services. Applying any safe and cost benefit action toreduce or prevent it is of great importance which using the antiseptic solutions, is oneof them. It seems that doing the procedure with clean method alike to sterile method issafe and using water is preferred to antiseptic solutions due to economical reasons,availability, and not having side effects. The present study was therefore conducted tocompare the effects of water vs. povidone -iodine solution for periurethral cleaningprior to urinary catheterization on bacteriuria.}, Keywords = {Water, Povidone-iodine solution, Bactriuria, Periurethral cleaning,}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Behavioral disorders and related factors in school age children of Gorgan}, abstract ={Introduction: pediatric behavioral disorders and their predisposing factors is essential in improvingpsychological services and establishing preventive indicators for children’s mentalhealth. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of behavioraldisorders of school age children and related epidemiological factors, in Gorgan city,in 2005-2006.Acquiring information regarding the extend and prevalence ofMethods: sampling method to recruit 2600 school age children. Data were collected throughRutter’s parent questionnaire (RAcutoff point of 13 was considered and children with total score of 13 or more wereregarded to be disordered. Descriptive statistics and odds-Ratio and chi-square testswere used to analysis the data.A cross sectional study was carried out using multistage cluster2), a standard tool which parents completed. AResults: 9.25governmental schools (72.7%). in view of the regarded cutoff point, 18.4% ofchildren suffered from behavioral disorders. There was significant correlationsbetween having behavioral disorder with being in single parent family, crowded andlow income families, history of crisis during the previous year, job and education ofthe parents, and children schools (Most of the samples were female (52.8%), first child with mean age of±1.5, having both parents living with them (94.5%) and were studying inP<0.05).Conclusion: current study compare to many others, investigating the explanations and reasons foras well as providing educational and consultation services is necessary.Considering the higher prevalence of behavior disorders found inKey words: Behavioral disorders, Epidemiological factors, Children, Gorgan, Rutter’s parent questionnaire}, Keywords = {Behavioral disorders, Epidemiological factors, Children, Gorgan, Rutter’s parent questionnaire}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-249-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-249-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Godarzi, Zahra and DaneshvarAmeri, Zahra and Shamshiri, Ahmad Reza and Taleifa, Mitra and Rahmati, Mariam and Naji, Tahmineh and Amiri, Mahrokh and Bakhti, Omolbani}, title = {Color preferences for nurses’ uniform from nurses, hospitalized 5-12 years old children and parents’ perspectives}, abstract ={Introduction: within pediatric Nursing. The study aimed at assessing the color preferences ofnurses, parents and children regarding nurses’ uniform in selected university hospitalsof Tehran City.There is a growing movement towards more casual uniformsMethods: convenient sampling, 365 pediatric nurses, 744 pediatric patients and 480 parents,drawn from selected university hospitals of Tehran City were recruited to the study,during one year since 2007, summer. Data were collected using a questionnaireconsisting demographic data and two questions regarding the participants’ colorpreferences. Five photos showing a nurse with different uniform colors (pink, white,light blue, dark blue and colorful) while checking a child’s pulse were used.Descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of variance with repeated measurement,chi-square and Cochran’s test) were used to analysis the data by SPSS software(version 11.5).A cross sectional study was conducted. Through non-randomizedResults: choice (45.2 and 45.6% respectively) while boys preferred light blue (31.4%). Thefirst choice of nurses was dark blue (42.2%) which 10.6% of mothers and 17.6% ofgirls liked it as well (Nurses with less than ten years of nursing experience, preferred dark blue (49.1vs. 32.9% (Female children and their parents reported pink color as their firstP<0.001).P=0.002). Fathers preferences of colors were not statistically significantP=0.017).Conclusion: parents to dark blue of nurses. The study recommends changing the color of nurses’uniforms in pediatric wards, considering children and their parents’ perspectives.Pink and light blue were most preferred by children and their}, Keywords = {Nurse’ uniform, Children, Preference, Nurse, Parent, Uniform color}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {39-47}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {varvanifarahani, pooran and alhani, Fatemah and Mohammadi, Eis}, title = {Assessing the effects of establishing a nursing commission of pain management on empowering nurses within pain assessment process}, abstract ={Introduction: specially children. There are barriers to pain assessment of hospitalized children suchas lack of appropriate pain assessment tool, lack of specific regulations and policiesand nurses’ insufficient knowledge and skills. The present study aimed at determiningthe effects of establishing a nursing commission of pain management on empoweringnurses within pain assessment process.Pain is often inadequately controlled for hospitalized patientsMethod: who were recruited in the study through cluster randomized sampling method. Thesamples were drawn from Emergency room, Surgery & Orthopedic units of Vali-eAsr Hospital as the control group and Imam Khomeini Hospital as the interventiongroup, in 2007. Data was gathered using questionnaires of demographic informationnurses empowering tools on pain assessment process of children (consisted ofrecognition of pain assessment, self reporting of quality and quantity of painassessment, pain assessment measurement, checklist on skills of documenting painassessment). After taking pretest, nursing commission of pain management for nurses’empowerment was established, which followed by undertaking a post-test. Allstatistics were computed by the SPSS software (version 12).A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample of 64 nursesResults: assessment was increased from 7.7 to 12.9 in intervention group and from 8.4 to 8.6 incontrol group. Regarding self reporting of quality and quantity of pain assessment, thevalues turned from 1.9 to 2.8 in intervention group and 2.1 to 2.2 in control group.Pain assessment measuring increased from 0.11 to 0.72 in intervention group and.10to 0.10 in control group. Pain assessment documentation skill improved from 0.03 to0.72 in experimental group while there were no changes in control group (0.03).Nurses’ empowerment was progressed significantly after establishing the painmanagement commission (Findings revealed that mean scores of nurses recognition of painP=0.01).Conclusion: nurse's competencies in assessing pain. Therefore, establishing the nursingcommission of pain management in other hospitals is recommended to influencenurses’ empowerment and children pain assessments, considering its effectivenessand inexpensiveness, with no need for new staffs and budget.The results indicated that establishing pain commission increased}, Keywords = {Nurse, Nursing pain commission, Empowerment, Pain assessment process, Pediatric}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {49-58}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {FallahiKhoshknab, Masoud and khankeh, Hamid reza and hosaini, mohammad ali and mohammadi, farahnaz and Rahgou, abolfazl and Ghazanfari, Nahi}, title = {Home care effectiveness in preventing rehospitalization of acute schizophrenic patients}, abstract ={Introduction: of schizophrenic patients. The present study was design to determine the effectivenessof home care service in preventing rehospitalization of schizophrenic patients.Frequent rehospitalization is one of the complications in treatmentMethods: patients who were randomly allocated in two groups of intervention and control (20patients in each group). Home care services after discharge were delivered to theintervention group for three months. Control group received routine services includedappointing a date for next visit at psychiatric clinic. Both groups were followed up forsix months, after discharge. They were compared for their rate of rehospitalization.Chi square and Student's t-test were used to analyze the data.A semi-experimental study was conducted with 48 schizophrenicResults: follow up was %25 (6 of 24 patients) in control group and zero in interventional groupwhich was significantly different ((5 of 24 patients) in intervention group and %46 (11 of 24 patients) in control groupwhich was significantly different (The results revealed that rate of rehospitalization after three monthP<0.001). Six months later, the rate turned to %21P=0.002) as well.Conclusion: Home care after discharge reduces rehospitalization of schizophrenic patients.}, Keywords = { Schizophrenia, Nursing, Home care, Rehospitalization}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {seyedrasooli, alehe and jabreili, mahnaz and valizade, sus}, title = {The Physiological Parameters in Preterm Infant in Kangaroo and Traditional Methods}, abstract ={ Introduction: Kangaroo method is a revolutionary way of taking a good care of infants, especially preterm infants. The studies have well demonstrated the positive effects of kangaroo method on physiological parameters of preterm infants. Skin to skin contacts can have effects on increasing the rate of oxygen saturation, decreasing the risk of hypothermia, stabilizing the heart rate, breath and sleep patterns. Method: A cross over clinical trail was utilized to expose the infants and their mothers to both traditional and kangaroo methods. Sixty infants were selected through simple random allocation and divided into two groups. The infants in first group were removed from the incubator by kangaroo method which followed by the traditional method, for breastfeeding and the second groups vice versa. The infant's physiological parameters were measured at different times. Results: The study demonstrated that the second group infants had different mean heart rate at 5th, 30th minutes, before removing from incubator and also five minutes after returning back (P=0.001, P=0.02, P=0.03). It was also revealed that other physiological parameters (Breathing, oxygen saturation and temperature) didn’t have any differences between groups. Mothers mostly preferred the kangaroo method to traditional way, especially those who had experienced infertility. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software (version 14). Conclusion: Kangaroo and traditional method showed the same effect on physiological parameters. However, since the mothers preferred Kangaroo method, the researchers recommend it as a substitute for current nursing care methods.   }, Keywords = {Traditional and kangaroo method, Physiologic parameters, Preterm infant}, volume = {4}, Number = {14}, pages = {67-75}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-115-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {parvizy, soroor and Naseri, Forough and SeyedFatemi, Naeemeh and GhasemZadehkakroudi, Farzaneh}, title = {Social factors contributing in women health in Tehran city:A qualitative study}, abstract ={Introduction: Women constitute half of the population and their health is the keystone of family and society’s health. Women’s problems could adversely affect physical health and in particular mental health of the family, society, and future generations. The present study aimed at determining the social predisposing factors on women's health in Iran. Methods: Using qualitative method (content analysis), semi-structured interactional interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 22 women aged 20 to 50 years who were living in Tehran. Interviewing the participants were continued to reach data saturation. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. They were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis method. Results: Six themes were identified in data analysis: gender disparities, burden, economical problems, appropriate occupation, women sport and cultural and educational growth which reflect effective social factors on women’s health. Conclusion: The study revealed that women are still suffering from disparities. They need appropriate social welfare, sport, job and education to be healthy. Knowing these, nurses could make an effort to acculturate men participation in house chores and to develop gender equalities in order to provide health for women and families. Key words: Qualitative Research, Content Analysis, Social Factor, Health, Woman}, Keywords = {Qualitative Research, Content Analysis, Social Factor, Health, Woman}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {6-15}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Assessing educational needs of nurse managers affiliated to state hospitals}, abstract ={Introduction: Educational programmes are designed to meet educational needs of learners. Therefore, need identification is the first step in educational planning. Nurses need new skills considering how rapidly the science borders are expanding. Identifying educational needs of nurse managers could be an effective way to empower them. This survey aimed at determining the educational needs of nurse managers of state hospitals, through Delphi method and job analysis. Methods: The study utilized mixed method by combing Delphi method and job analysis to determine educational needs of nurse managers. 20 nurse managers drawn from universities of medical sciences were recruited to the study. With reference to nurse managers’ task description –approved by Ministry of Health and Medical Education- educational needs were discovered based on ISO 10015 (launched by Ministry of Health for all job categories). Results: Educational needs of nurse managers were categorized in two groups of personal and organizational needs. Personal needs included skills in lecturing, article writing, English conversation and translation as well as running meetings. Organizational needs consisted of IT, Nursing ethic and law, quality assessment of wards, quality improvement in nursing care, standards of structure, equipments and human resources, crisis management, health education, HIS system, hospital infection control, nursing care procedure, management principles, human resource management, interview technique, research methods, statistics, SPSS software, health economics, teamwork and teambuilding, educational methods, religious practices and adjustments, educational need assessment, comprehensive evaluation, change management, critical thinking, stress management, communication skills, decision making techniques, problem solving and time management. Conclusion: Since the study revealed that significant needs in performing professional tasks of nurse managers have not been met, the results could be applied in developing educational programmes for nurse managers of university hospitals. The mixed method and educational need assessment model used in this study, could be used in assessing educational needs of other managers.}, Keywords = {Need analysis, Nursing management, Qualitative research}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {16-24}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-258-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {shamshiri, mahmood and habibi, aghil and salarvand, shahin and mohammadpour, ali}, title = {Comparing tympanic and rectal temperature measurement methods}, abstract ={Introduction: Monitoring of patients' temperature is an important clinical nursing task. Proper treatment of patients is possible by controlling the body temperature accurately. Body temperature is usually taken at different sites like rectum, month, axillaries and tympanic. Rectal temperature measurement as a less invasive method has been used for a long time. This study was untaken to compare two methods of tympanic and rectal temperature measurement. Methods: A comparative study design was used to recruit a convenient sample of 336 patients in study. They ranged in age from 16 to 85. The tympanic temperatures were measured using the Braun ThermoScan type 6020 and the rectal temperatures were measured by Samsung digital. The measurement accuracy of both thermometers was 0.1ºC, according to those manufactures. Collected data were inserted to SPSS and Medcalc sofwares and analyzed through descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Pearson coefficient, Bland-Altman's analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. P-value less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: Using Paired t-test, it was revealed that tympanic and rectal mean temperatures were significantly different (P<0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean rectal temperatures were 0.23ºC more than the mean of tympanic temperatures, with ranges of agreement between -0.98ºC to 0.51ºC for right tympanic temperatures and the limits of agreement between -0.88ºC to 0.41ºC for left tympanic temperatures. There was also high correlation between right (r=0.88) and left (r= 0.89) tympanic temperatures (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Despite high correlation between rectal and tympanic temperature, their differences were significant both statistically and clinically. It could be concluded that tympanic temperature can't reflect the rectal temperature with high agreement. Based on the study’s result, tympanic method couldn’t be an excellent alternative for rectal method. However, each of them has special performances, advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice.}, Keywords = {Tympanic temperature, Rectal temperature, Thermometric}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {25-32}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-259-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {forozy, Mansoorhe and Mohamm,}, title = {Relationship between body image and eating disorders}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Body image, Eating disorder, Student}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {33-43}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {khodakarami, zohreh and pashaiisabet, fatemeh and nikbakhtnasrabadi, Alirez}, title = {Assessing nursing performance regarding admittance of preschool children in educational hospitals, Hamedan}, abstract ={   Introduction: Many Adults remember their hospital admission during childhood. Hospitalization could be terrifying for children. In the other hand, it could be a positive experience, if they get well prepared for hospitalization by nursing plans. First hours of hospitalization are the most important. Therefore, orienting the child to hospitalization process and copying with fears could increase child’s self esteem. It would furthermore help the child to adjust with potentially stressful situation in future. The purpose of this study was to identify nursing performances regarding hospital admission of children aged 3-6 years.   Methods: Using descriptive- analytic study method, 20 nurses who have worked in pediatric wards for at least one year, were selected through census sampling. The data were collected through an observational checklist. Nurses’ performance was assessed randomly three times a day during morning and evening shifts when the most hospitalization takes place. To know whether nurses’ performance was influenced by availability of facilities, another checklist was used to assess physical environment, facilities and equipments of hospital, three times within different days. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software (version 15).   Results: The results revealed that 95 percent of nurses had weak performance at admission time (461 scores of 960). Physical environment and equipments of pediatric wards were found appropriate. No significant correlations were found between nursing performance and physical environment or equipments (P=0.21). There was no significant correlations between demographic of participants and nursing performance as well (P>0.05).   Conclusion: The study found that physical environment, facilities and equipments of pediatric wards in educational hospitals of Hamadan city is appropriate, eve though nurses’ performance weren’t good enough in admitting children. It meant physical environment, facilities and equipments didn’t had any impact on nursing performance. Therefore, training nurses regarding children admission and how to use the available resources to promote their performance is needed.  }, Keywords = { Nursing performance, Admission, Preschool children}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {44-52}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {tajvidi, mansooreh and Arash, mandana and parsinia, mitra and Babaee, Gholamrez}, title = {Assessing the effects of nutritional guideline education on spirometric tests in patients with COPD}, abstract ={   Introduction : Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death, and its prevalence is increasing. Nutritional depletion is a common problem among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. It is caused, to a large extent, by an imbalance between low- energy intake and high- energy requirements. This problem adversely affects morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to assess the effects of nutritional guideline education on spirometric tests (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) among patients with COPD.   Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted through a before and after design. Thirty hospitalized COPD patients drawn from Alborz hospital in Karaj were recruited to the study by random sampling. After filling the demographic questionnaire out, spirometric assessment was undertaken. Individual face to face education concerning proper nutrition was carried out during four sessions. Each session last 15 minutes and was given in four consequent days. Spirometric tests were measured again one and three months after education. They were followed up after discharge through home visits and telephone calls. Then, the indexes were compared.   Results: Significant differences were found among mean FEV1 before intervention, one month (P=0.004) and three months after intervention (P=0.001). There were significant differences between mean FVC after one month (0.015) and three months after the intervention (P=0.000). Increased FEV1/FVC Indexes were reversely correlated with samples’ weight (P=0.034, r=0.426). FEV1/FVC Indexes three months after intervention were correlated with age (P=0.029, r=0.399). That meant older patients had higher FEV1/FVC values and Pearson coefficient test demonstrated the difference significant.   Conclusion: The study suggests that patients with COPD should be aware of effectual factors on respiratory conditions. They need to be instructed regarding the foods have negative or positive impacts on their respiratory function.  }, Keywords = {Nutritional guideline, Spirometric test, COPD disease}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {53-59}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluating the effectiveness of continuous care model on quality of life in discharged schizophrenic patients from Sina educational and medical center, Hamedan, 2007}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, quality of life is an important aspect in caring of schizophrenic patients. A continuous and regulated model of follow up care such as the nursing ones, considering the chronicity of the disease and unsuccessfulness of the existing plans, is necessary to improve the quality of life in these patients. Method: This is a qusi-experimental study, determining the effect of applying the continuous care model on the quality of life in discharged schizophrenic patients. 36 patients have been selected based on inclusion criteria, and divided randomly into control and interventional groups of research. The data gathered from demographic, Heinrich Quality of Life (QLS: α=0.81) questionnaires and control check list (α=0.92). Test-retest, alfa chronbach and content validity methods were used to check the validity and reliability. The orientation and sensitivisation phases of the model applied on the interventional group in the hospital (6 sessions of education, twice a week for three weeks) and the control and evaluation phases carried out at their homes (6 visits, once every other week for three months). Findings: Independent and paired T tests and ANOVA used to analyze data in this study. The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the control and interventional groups in the whole quality of life and its dimensions (p>0.05) but a significant difference in the interpersonal relationship of the interventional group (p=0.003) after applying the care model and no significant difference in the whole quality of life and its other dimensions despite their raised scores (p>0.05). Discussion: This study results showed that applying the continuous care model will positively affect the interpersonal relationship and if prolonged, we can expect the effectiveness on the whole quality of life and its other dimensions. In fact this research and similar studies stated the necessity of nursing services for chronic psychiatric patients after discharge. So the useful outcomes can decrease the hospitalization and relapse rates beside the patients’ quality of lives.}, Keywords = {continuous care model, schizophrenia, quality of life.}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {60-70}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Adib-Hajbaghery, Mohsen and Abasinia, Mohamm}, title = {Assessing Quality of life of elders with femoral neck fractures, using SF36 and EQ5D}, abstract ={Introduction: Most of studies on quality of life in Iran have been conducted using SF36 questionnaire. Even though its efficiency has been demonstrated in different studies, but using shorter instruments with easier application, particularly for elders could be more suitable. The present study therefore was conducted to assess and compare quality of life of patients with femoral neck fractures, measured by two questionnaires of SF36 and EQ5D. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 70 elders with femoral neck fracture. EQ5D and FS36 questionnaires were used to assess the general health related quality of life. Data were analyzed using statistical tests like Chi square, T-test, analysis of variance, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Totally, 70 elders with a mean age of 73.15 years (ranging in age from 60 to 90 years) were participated in the study. The mean score of quality of life was 43.58±15.76 measured by EQ5D and 35.15±12.50 for SF36. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.76 (P=0.000). Conclusion: Considering the results which showed quality of life scores measured by two instruments were correlated, it is suggested to use EQ5D in accessing quality of life of elders with femoral neck fractures, in view of being shorter and simpler. Meanwhile, the study revealed the low quality of life scores in elders with femoral neck fractures, which calls healthcare workers to plan for improving the situation.}, Keywords = {Quality of life, Elders, Femoral neck fracture, EQ5D, SF36}, volume = {4}, Number = {15}, pages = {71-79}, publisher = {Iranian Nursing Scientific Association}, url = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijnr.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Nursing Research}, issn = {1735-7012}, eissn = {1735-9074}, year = {2010} }