Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which leads to chronic complications. Psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are some of the most important complications of diabetes which also are common in elderly people. Therefore, understanding the psychological characteristics of the elderly population can be a background to improve the quality of considered group life. So the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among elderly diabetic patients.  
Method:This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed on 102 elderly diabetic patients in shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in Ilam and shohadaieh Ashayer hospital in Khoramabad city. They were selected using Easy and non-random sampling. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire consist of three parts: Patients' demographic characteristic, anxiety 20 items eshpylberger questionnaire and anxiety of elderlies questionnaire (geriatric depression scale (GDS)). Data was analysied using SPSS 18 software and analysis such as independent t-test, ANOVA, Seheffe post test and Pearson correlation coefficient. In this study, a statistically significant level of P <0/05 was considered.
Results: The mean age of participants was  66.7 ± 5.4. 49% of them were female and 51% were male. 49% of patients live in Khorramabad and 51% of them in Ilam. The results showed that there were significant relationships between depression with age (p=0.0001), duration of diabetes (p=0.0001) and number of hospitalizations (p=0/0001), sex (p=0.031) and education level (p=0.003), employment (p=0/0001) and type of treatments (p=0.0001). In addition there were significant relationships between anxiety with age (p=0.044), duration of diabetes (p=0.002), number of hospitalizations (p=0.0001), type of diabetes (p=0.04) and employment (p=0.011). But between anxiety, depression and other demographic factors, there was no statistically significant relationship.
Conclusion: The results showed that with increasing age, duration of diabet, number of hospitalizations, job loss, depression and anxiety in elderly patients with diabetes increase. Therefore, due to increasing numbers of elderly people in the world and the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, particular attention to this group and psychiatric examinations for early detection and treatment of depression and anxiety in these patients is suggested.