Introduction :Back pain is one of the most common and expensive job injuries in nursing profession with prevalence rate from 60% to 90%, due to this profession nature. It has been argued that the direct and indirect costs of this problem is so notable. This study aimed to determine the predictors of low back pain behaviors based on social cognitive theory among nurses suffering from chronic low back pain.

Method:It is a descriptive study in which  500 employees of nursing profession including nurses, paramedic, technician of operating room and anesthesiologists ' aides  were selected from various hospitals in Tehran. Data collection tools included research – made questionnaires based on cognitive social theory.

Results:The results according multiple linear regression analysis showed that social cognitive theory constructs like emotional coping, environment perception and self-efficacy in overcoming impediments could predict 52% of variance in preventive behaviors regarding chronic mechanical low back pain.

Conclusion: This study showed constructs of emotional coping, environment perception and self-efficacy in overcoming impediments are the most effective factor in doing chronic low back pain preventive behavior that must be considered in designing and implementation of educational programs.